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Fish farming involves commercial breeding of fish, usually for food, in fish tanks or artificial enclosures such as fish ponds. It is a particular type of aquaculture, which is the controlled cultivation and harvesting of aquatic animals such as fish, crustaceans, molluscs and so on, in natural or pseudo-natural environment. A facility that releases juvenile fish into the wild for recreational fishing or to supplement a species' natural numbers is generally referred to as a fish hatchery. Worldwide, the most important fish species produced in fish farming are carp, catfish, salmon and tilapia.
Global demand is increasing for dietary fish protein, which has resulted in widespread overfishing in wild fisheries, resulting in significant decrease in fish stocks and even complete depletion in some regions. Fish farming allows establishment of artificial fish colonies that are provided with sufficient feeding, protection from natural predators and competitive threats, access to veterinarian service, and easier harvesting when needed, while being separate from and thus do not usually impact the sustainable yields of wild fish populations. While fish farming is practised worldwide, China alone provides 62% of the world's farmed fish production. As of 2016, more than 50% of seafood was produced by aquaculture. In the last three decades, aquaculture has been the main driver of the increase in fisheries and aquaculture production, with an average growth of 5.3 percent per year in the period 2000–2018, reaching a record 82.1 million tonnes in 2018.
World capture fisheries and aquaculture production by production mode, from FAO's Statistical Yearbook 2021
Farming carnivorous fish such as salmon, however, does not always reduce pressure on wild fisheries, such farmed fish are usually fed fishmeal and fish oil extracted from wild forage fish. The 2008 global returns for fish farming recorded by the FAO totaled 33.8 million tonnes worth about US$60 billion.
Tilapia
Tilapia is the common name for nearly a hundred species of cichlid fish from the coelotilapine, coptodonine, heterotilapine, oreochromine, pelmatolapiine, and tilapiine tribes, with the economically most important species placed in the Coptodonini and Oreochromini. Tilapia are mainly freshwater fish inhabiting shallow streams, ponds, rivers, and lakes, and less commonly found living in brackish water. Historically, they have been of major importance in artisanal fishing in Africa, and they are of increasing importance in aquaculture and aquaponics. Tilapia can become a problematic invasive species in new warm-water habitats such as Australia, whether deliberately or accidentally introduced, but generally not in temperate climates due to their inability to survive in cold water.
Pangus
Pangus
The Pangas (Pangasius pangasius) is a species of shark catfish native to fresh and brackish waters in South and Southeast Asia as well as Bangladesh, India, Myanmar and Pakistan. It has also been introduced to Cambodia and Vietnam. This species grows to a standard length of 3 metres (9.8 ft). Growth performance of thai pangus (Pangasius hypophthalmus) in both monoculture and polyculture is higher than pangus (Pangasius pangasius).
Carp
Carp
Carps are various species of freshwater fish from the family Cyprinidae, a very large group of fish native to Europe and Asia. In Bangladesh, carps are popular for its taste and generally cultured all districts of Bangladesh. There are three major carps (Rui, Catla, Mrigel), two minor carps (Bata, Calbaus) and other exotic carps (Common Carp, Mirror Carp, Black Carp, Grass Carp) cultured in Bangladesh for their well growth and provide as major protein source for the prople of Bangladesh.
Carps are various species of freshwater fish from the family Cyprinidae, a very large group of fish native to Europe and Asia. In Bangladesh, carps are popular for its taste and generally cultured all districts of Bangladesh. There are three major carps (Rui, Catla, Mrigel), two minor carps (Bata, Calbaus) and other exotic carps (Common Carp, Mirror Carp, Black Carp, Grass Carp) cultured in Bangladesh for their well growth and provide as major protein source for the prople of Bangladesh.
Perch
The Anabas testudineus is also known as climbing perch (locally called Koi), a species of amphibious freshwater fish in the family Anabantidae. A labyrinth fish native to Far Eastern Asia, the fish inhabits freshwater systems from Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. The fish moves on land by crawling/wriggling the body with its pectoral fins that’s why it is called climbing perch. The perch fish has labyrinthine organ by which it can survive out of the water for extended periods of time.
Catfish
Catfishes are a diverse group of ray-finned fish of order Siluriforme. These are named for their prominent barbels, which resemble a cat's whiskers. Catfishes are of considerable commercial importance; many of the larger species are farmed for food which contains a large amount of protein. Mostly species of catfishes are bottom dwelling and have accessory respiratory organ so that these fishes can survive a long time without water. Shing (Heteropneustes fossilis), Taki (Channa punctatus), Magur (Clarias batrachus), Gulsha tengra (Mystus cavasius), Pabda (Ompok pabda) etc.
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